The effect of contextual interference and practice type (physical, observational and mixed) on learning of short, long and sharp badminton services

The present research was conducted to look at the effect of contextual interference and practice type (physical, observational and mixed) on learning of short, long and sharp badminton services. so, 96 male volunteer, novice and right hand students with the age mean 22±1.5 were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups of 16 members (blocked physical practice, random physical practice, blocked observational practice, random observational practice, blocked mixed practice and random mixed practice). The subjects, having participated in the pretest, exercised for eight sessions and in each session practiced two blocks of nine trials and then participate in the delayed retention and transfer tests. To get the performance point of subjects were used the Ferench & Statler test for short service, Scott & Ferench test for long service and Ballou test for sharp service. The data analyzed with the statistical methods as one way analysis of variance, two way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Dunkan post hoc tests. The results in the delayed retention and transfer stages showed that significantly difference between experimental groups performance. The Dunkan post hoc results showed that the groups of random mixed and physical practice had a better performance and the blocked and random observational practice groups had a weaker performance than other groups in all stages. so, based on the results of present research it can be recommended to the coaches to use the random mixed practice while teaching the sport skills.